Clearer answers.
Confident next steps.

When it may help.

• Numbness or pins and needles
• Muscle weakness
• Possible trapped nerve or nerve damage

What to expect.

• Small recording electrodes are placed on the skin.
• Brief electrical pulses stimulate a nerve and its response is recorded.
• You may feel a short tapping or tingling sensation.

Before your test.

Wear comfortable clothing that allows access to the area being tested. Bring a list of your medicines and follow any instructions from your care team.

Understanding results.

A specialist reviews the size and speed of the nerve responses alongside your symptoms and history, then shares a report with your referring clinician.

When it may help.

• Suspected reactions to pollen or dust mites
• Possible animal or food allergy
• Symptoms that need targeted investigation

What to expect.

• Small drops of selected allergens are placed on your forearm.
• The skin is gently pricked through each drop.
• The team usually checks for a response after about 15–20 minutes.

Before your test.

Some medicines, including antihistamines, can affect results. Follow your own appointment instructions and check with your care team before stopping any medication.

Understanding results.

A clinician interprets any skin response in the context of your symptoms. A positive result alone does not establish the whole diagnosis.

When it may help.

• Evaluation of narrowed brain arteries
• Monitoring blood-flow changes after stroke or TIA
• Assessing vasospasm or sickle cell-related stroke risk when indicated

What to expect.

• You sit or lie comfortably while gel is applied to selected areas of your head or neck.
• A technologist moves a small probe over the skin and may ask you to keep still.
• You may hear a whooshing sound or feel light pressure; test duration varies.

Before your test.

A standard TCD usually needs no special preparation. Follow your appointment instructions, including any advice about contact lenses; specialized studies may require separate instructions.

Understanding results.

A physician reviews the recordings and sends a report to your ordering provider, who explains the findings and whether follow-up is needed.

When it may help.

• Persistent or recurring dizziness
• A spinning sensation (vertigo)
• Unsteadiness or balance difficulties

What to expect.

• You wear video goggles while eye movements are recorded.
• You may follow visual targets or change head and body positions.
• Some assessments include warm or cool stimulation of the ears and may briefly cause dizziness.

Before your test.

Your care team will send instructions for your specific assessment. Ask them before changing any medication; certain medicines and eye makeup may affect the test.

Understanding results.

The recordings are reviewed with your symptoms and medical history to help guide appropriate follow-up care.

When it may help.

• Abdominal or pelvic concerns
• Thyroid or other soft-tissue evaluation
• Blood-flow assessment when ordered

What to expect.

• For most external scans, you lie on an exam table while gel is applied to the area.
• A sonographer moves a small probe over your skin and may apply gentle pressure.
• The time needed depends on the type and extent of your scan.

Before your test.

Preparation depends on the exam. You may be asked to fast or arrive with a full bladder. Follow your care team's specific instructions and wear comfortable clothing.

Understanding results.

A physician reviews the images and sends a report to your ordering provider, who explains the findings and any next steps.

When it may help.

• Suspected seizures or epilepsy
• Episodes of altered awareness
• Monitoring a known neurological condition

What to expect.

• Small electrodes are attached to your scalp.
• You rest while the recording is made.
• You may be asked to open and close your eyes, breathe deeply, or look at a flashing light.

Before your test.

Arrive with clean, dry hair and avoid styling products. Follow any specific sleep or medication instructions given by your care team.

Understanding results.

A specialist reviews the recording alongside your symptoms and history. Your referring clinician explains the findings and any next steps.